M is for Monkey

Saimiri sciureus
This Squirrel Monkey watches visitors at the Peterborough Zoo.

Suffixes

mania creates a noun that denotes a mental illness or an enthusiasm.

bibliomania, megalomania

maniac creates an adjective from the noun, meaning affected by mania.

nymphomaniac

manship creates a noun denoting a skill.

craftsmanship, horsemanship, workmanship

mycin denotes an antibiotic made from fungi or mould.

erythromycin, streptomycin

ment creates a noun that expresses an action, whether the means, the product, or the result of an action.

astonishment, fragment, treatment

ment creates a noun from an adjective to express a state of being.

astonishment, resentment

meter creates a noun denoting something that measures.

barometer, odometer, thermometer

metric creates an adjective relating to measurement.

barometric, geometric

metry creates a noun to describe the procedures or science of measuring.

geometry, trigonometry

Consonant — vowel combinations

ma       mass                                         am       ram

me       met                                           em       embrace

mi        mine                                         im        him

mo       more                                        om       come

mu       must                                         um       yum

my       mynah                                      ym       symbol

Exercises

  1. Define the words in the list of suffixes.
  2. Make a list of prefixes starting with the letter M.
  3. Think of four new words with a suffix or a prefix starting with M, and make a sentence with them.
  4. Make your own list of words for each Consonant–Vowel Combination. Which combination is the most difficult? 

Special reading assignment

  1. My mother matched most of the Meissen porcelain with melamine dishes.
  2. Amusing monsters marched merrily in the musical.
  3. Most monkeys are long-tailed primates that live in trees. Apes, by contrast, do not have tails.

 

This blog entry is an excerpt from an upcoming book, English Manual: Letter by Letter, to be published soon.

Note: If you like monkeys and history, you may like to read the e-book, Edwardian Annotated Pets and How to Keep Them. This book, written in 1907, Edwardian England includes information on 17 different monkey species popular as pets.

 

E is for Elephant

Loxodonta africana
This African elephant is about to retire from the Toronto Zoo to a sunny place in California.

Silent Es

Truly silent Es do not affect the pronunciation of the word.

are, come, done, ore

English words don’t end in the letter u or v.

blue, cheque, give, have, love

A silent E may serve to create a syllable.

handle, minute (time), pickle, people

A silent letter E affects the vowel that comes before it, making it sound like its name (a hard or long vowel).

Silent E following an A.

bad, bade; cap, cape; fat, fate; late; rat, rate

Silent E following an E.

pet, Pete

Silent E following an I.

line; rip, ripe; spit, spite

Silent E following an O.

hop, hope; not, note; rose

Silent E following a U.

cut, cute; minute (tiny)

Sometimes, the silent E affects the pronunciation of the consonant that comes before it.

Silent E following a C makes an S sound.

lance; place

Silent E following a G makes a J sound.

badge; charge; luggage

Disappearing silent Es

A silent E is sounded once the following suffixes are added to the word:

ed    note, noted; rate, rated

er     cute, cuter; ripe, riper

est    cute, cutest; ripe, ripest

The silent E is also sounded with the following suffix:

age  line, lineage

The silent E disappears with the following suffixes:

able compare, comparable; measure, measurable; value, valuable

age  dose, dosage; pasture, pasturage; store, storage; use, usage

ing   charge, charging; hope, hoping; rate, rating; store, storing

ment abridge, abridgment; argue, argument; judge, judgment (or “judgement”)

The silent E stays put with the following suffixes:

able manage, manageable

age  acre, acreage; mile, mileage

ly     come, comely; late, lately; love, lovely

ment achieve, achievement; move, movement; place, placement